What is SOPA?

What Is SOPA?


SOPA means "Stop Online Piracy Act".


If you hadn't heard of SOPA before, you probably have by now: Some of the internet's most influential sites—Reddit and Wikipedia among them—are going dark to protest the much-maligned anti-piracy bill. But other than being a very bad thing, what is SOPA? And what will it mean for you if it passes?


SOPA is an anti-piracy bill working its way through Congress...


House Judiciary Committee Chair and Texas Republican Lamar Smith, along with 12 co-sponsors, introduced the Stop Online Piracy Act on October 26th of last year. Debate on H.R. 3261, as it's formally known, has consisted of one hearing on November 16th and a "mark-up period" on December 15th, which was designed to make the bill more agreeable to both parties. Its counterpart in the Senate is the Protect IP Act (S. 968). Also known by its cuter-but-still-deadly name: PIPA. There will likely be a vote on PIPA next Wednesday; SOPA discussions had been placed on hold but will resume in Februaryof this year.


...that would grant content creators extraordinary power over the internet...


The beating heart of SOPA is the ability of intellectual property owners (read: movie studios and record labels) to effectively pull the plug on foreign sites against whom they have a copyright claim. If Warner Bros., for example, says that a site in Italy is torrenting a copy of The Dark Knight, the studio could demand that Google remove that site from its search results, that PayPal no longer accept payments to or from that site, that ad services pull all ads and finances from it, and—most dangerously—that the site's ISP prevent people from even going there.
...which would go almost comedically unchecked...


Perhaps the most galling thing about SOPA in its original construction is that it let IP owners take these actions without a single court appearance or judicial sign-off. All it required was a single letter claiming a "good faith belief" that the target site has infringed on its content. Once Google or PayPal or whoever received the quarantine notice, they would have five days to either abide or to challenge the claim in court. Rights holders still have the power to request that kind of blockade, but in the most recent version of the bill the five day window has softened, and companies now would need the court's permission.
The language in SOPA implies that it's aimed squarely at foreign offenders; that's why it focuses on cutting off sources of funding and traffic (generally US-based) rather than directly attacking a targeted site (which is outside of US legal jurisdiction) directly. But that's just part of it.


...to the point of potentially creating an "Internet Blacklist"...


Here's the other thing: Payment processors or content providers like Visa or YouTube don't even need a letter shut off a site's resources. The bill's "vigilante" provision gives broad immunity to any provider who proactively shutters sites it considers to be infringers. Which means the MPAA just needs to publicize one list of infringing sites to get those sites blacklisted from the internet.


Potential for abuse is rampant. As Public Knowledge points out, Google could easily take it upon itself to delist every viral video site on the internet with a "good faith belief" that they're hosting copyrighted material. Leaving YouTube as the only major video portal. Comcast (an ISP) owns NBC (a content provider). Think they might have an interest in shuttering some rival domains? Under SOPA, they can do it without even asking for permission.
...while exacting a huge cost from nearly every site you use daily...
SOPA also includes an "anti-circumvention" clause, which holds that telling people how to work around SOPA is nearly as bad as violating its main provisions. In other words: if your status update links to The Pirate Bay, Facebook would be legally obligated to remove it. Ditto tweets, YouTube videos, Tumblr or WordPress posts, or sites indexed by Google. And if Google, Twitter, Wordpress, Facebook, etc. let it stand? They face a government "enjoinment." They could and would be shut down.
The resources it would take to self-police are monumental for established companies, and unattainable for start-ups. SOPA would censor every online social outlet you have, and prevent new ones from emerging.
...and potentially disappearing your entire digital life...
The party line on SOPA is that it only affects seedy off-shore torrent sites. That's false. As the big legal brains at Bricoleur point out, the potential collateral damage is huge. And it's you. Because while Facebook and Twitter have the financial wherewithal to stave off anti-circumvention shut down notices, the smaller sites you use to store your photos, your videos, and your thoughts may not. If the government decides any part of that site infringes on copyright and proves it in court? Poof. Your digital life is gone, and you can't get it back.
...while still managing to be both unnecessary and ineffective...
What's saddest about SOPA is that it's pointless on two fronts. In the US, the MPAA, and RIAA already have the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) to request that infringing material be taken down. We've all seen enough "video removed" messages to know that it works just fine.
As for the foreign operators, you might as well be throwing darts at a tse-tse fly. The poster child of overseas torrenting, Pirate Bay, has made it perfectly clear that they're not frightened in the least. And why should they be? Its proprietors have successfully evaded any technological attempt to shut them down so far. Its advertising partners aren't US-based, so they can't be choked out. But more important than Pirate Bay itself is the idea of Pirate Bay, and the hundreds or thousands of sites like it, as populous and resilient as mushrooms in a marsh. Forget the question of should SOPA succeed. It's incredibly unlikely that it could. At least at its stated goals.
...but stands a shockingly good chance of passing...
SOPA is, objectively, an unfeasible trainwreck of a bill, one that willfully misunderstands the nature of the internet and portends huge financial and cultural losses. The White House has come out strongly against it. As have hundreds of venture capitalists and dozens of the men and women who helped build the internet in the first place. In spite of all this, companies have already spent a lot of money pushing SOPA, and it remains popular in the House of Representatives.
That mark-up period on December 15th, the one that was supposed to transform the bill into something more manageable? Useless. Twenty sanity-fueled amendments were flat-out rejected. And while the bill's most controversial provision—mandatory DNS filtering—was thankfullytaken off the table recently, in practice internet providers would almost certainly still use DNS as a tool to shut an accused site down.
...unless we do something about it.
The momentum behind the anti-SOPA movement has been slow to build, but we're finally at a saturation point. Wikipedia, BoingBoing, WordPress, TwitPic: they'll all be dark on January 18th. An anti-SOPA rally has been planned for tomorrow afternoon in New York. The list of companies supporting SOPA is long but shrinking, thanks in no small part to the emails and phone calls they've received in the last few months.
So keep calling. Keep emailing. Most of all, keep making it known that the internet was built on the same principles of freedom that this country was. It should be afforded to the same rights.

Need to find out what your SIC Code is for your business? Here's the list:

SIC stands for Standard Industrial Classification
Ever needing to search for your SIC Code?  The below list should help:

SIC Code	A/D Office		Industry Title
100	5		AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION-CROPS
200	5		AGRICULTURAL PROD-LIVESTOCK & ANIMAL SPECIALTIES
700	5		AGRICULTURAL SERVICES
800	5		FORESTRY
900	5		FISHING, HUNTING AND TRAPPING
1000	9		METAL MINING
1040	9		GOLD AND SILVER ORES
1090	9		MISCELLANEOUS METAL ORES
1220	9		BITUMINOUS COAL & LIGNITE MINING
1221	9		BITUMINOUS COAL & LIGNITE SURFACE MINING
1311	4		CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS
1381	4		DRILLING OIL & GAS WELLS
1382	4		OIL & GAS FIELD EXPLORATION SERVICES
1389	4		OIL & GAS FIELD SERVICES, NEC
1400	9		MINING & QUARRYING OF NONMETALLIC MINERALS (NO FUELS)
1520	6		GENERAL BLDG CONTRACTORS - RESIDENTIAL BLDGS
1531	6		OPERATIVE BUILDERS
1540	6		GENERAL BLDG CONTRACTORS - NONRESIDENTIAL BLDGS
1600	6		HEAVY CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN BLDG CONST - CONTRACTORS
1623	6		WATER, SEWER, PIPELINE, COMM & POWER LINE CONSTRUCTION
1700	6		CONSTRUCTION - SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
1731	6		ELECTRICAL WORK
2000	4		FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
2011	5		MEAT PACKING PLANTS
2013	5		SAUSAGES & OTHER PREPARED MEAT PRODUCTS
2015	5		POULTRY SLAUGHTERING AND PROCESSING
2020	4		DAIRY PRODUCTS
2024	4		ICE CREAM & FROZEN DESSERTS
2030	4		CANNED, FROZEN & PRESERVD FRUIT, VEG & FOOD SPECIALTIES
2033	4		CANNED, FRUITS, VEG, PRESERVES, JAMS & JELLIES
2040	4		GRAIN MILL PRODUCTS
2050	4		BAKERY PRODUCTS
2052	4		COOKIES & CRACKERS
2060	4		SUGAR & CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS
2070	4		FATS & OILS
2080	9		BEVERAGES
2082	9		MALT BEVERAGES
2086	9		BOTTLED & CANNED SOFT DRINKS & CARBONATED WATERS
2090	4		MISCELLANEOUS FOOD PREPARATIONS & KINDRED PRODUCTS
2092	4		PREPARED FRESH OR FROZEN FISH & SEAFOODS
2100	5		TOBACCO PRODUCTS
2111	5		CIGARETTES
2200	2		TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
2211	2		BROADWOVEN FABRIC MILLS, COTTON
2221	2		BROADWOVEN FABRIC MILLS, MAN MADE FIBER & SILK
2250	2		KNITTING MILLS
2253	9		KNIT OUTERWEAR MILLS
2273	2		CARPETS & RUGS
2300	9		APPAREL & OTHER FINISHD PRODS OF FABRICS & SIMILAR MATL
2320	9		MEN'S & BOYS' FURNISHGS, WORK CLOTHG, & ALLIED GARMENTS
2330	9		WOMEN'S, MISSES', AND JUNIORS OUTERWEAR
2340	9		WOMEN'S, MISSES', CHILDREN'S & INFANTS' UNDERGARMENTS
2390	9		MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS
2400	6		LUMBER & WOOD PRODUCTS (NO FURNITURE)
2421	6		SAWMILLS & PLANTING MILLS, GENERAL
2430	6		MILLWOOD, VENEER, PLYWOOD, & STRUCTURAL WOOD MEMBERS
2451	6		MOBILE HOMES
2452	6		PREFABRICATED WOOD BLDGS & COMPONENTS
2510	6		HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE
2511	6		WOOD HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, (NO UPHOLSTERED)
2520	6		OFFICE FURNITURE
2522	6		OFFICE FURNITURE (NO WOOD)
2531	6		PUBLIC BLDG & RELATED FURNITURE
2540	6		PARTITIONS, SHELVG, LOCKERS, & OFFICE & STORE FIXTURES
2590	6		MISCELLANEOUS FURNITURE & FIXTURES
2600	4		PAPERS & ALLIED PRODUCTS
2611	4		PULP MILLS
2621	4		PAPER MILLS
2631	4		PAPERBOARD MILLS
2650	4		PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS & BOXES
2670	4		CONVERTED PAPER & PAPERBOARD PRODS (NO CONTANERS/BOXES)
2673	6		PLASTICS, FOIL & COATED PAPER BAGS
2711	5		NEWSPAPERS: PUBLISHING OR PUBLISHING & PRINTING
2721	5		PERIODICALS: PUBLISHING OR PUBLISHING & PRINTING
2731	5		BOOKS: PUBLISHING OR PUBLISHING & PRINTING
2732	5		BOOK PRINTING
2741	5		MISCELLANEOUS PUBLISHING
2750	5		COMMERCIAL PRINTING
2761	5		MANIFOLD BUSINESS FORMS
2771	5		GREETING CARDS
2780	5		BLANKBOOKS, LOOSELEAF BINDERS & BOOKBINDG & RELATD WORK
2790	5		SERVICE INDUSTRIES FOR THE PRINTING TRADE
2800	6		CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS
2810	6		INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMICALS
2820	6		PLASTIC MATERIAL, SYNTH RESIN/RUBBER, CELLULOS (NO GLASS)
2821	6		PLASTIC MATERIALS, SYNTH RESINS & NONVULCAN ELASTOMERS
2833	1		MEDICINAL CHEMICALS & BOTANICAL PRODUCTS
2834	1		PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS
2835	1		IN VITRO & IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES
2836	1		BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, (NO DISGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES)
2840	6		SOAP, DETERGENTS, CLEANG PREPARATIONS, PERFUMES, COSMETICS
2842	6		SPECIALTY CLEANING, POLISHING AND SANITATION PREPARATIONS
2844	6		PERFUMES, COSMETICS & OTHER TOILET PREPARATIONS
2851	6		PAINTS, VARNISHES, LACQUERS, ENAMELS & ALLIED PRODS
2860	6		INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS
2870	5		AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
2890	6		MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
2891	6		ADHESIVES & SEALANTS
2911	4		PETROLEUM REFINING
2950	6		ASPHALT PAVING & ROOFING MATERIALS
2990	6		MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM & COAL
3011	6		TIRES & INNER TUBES
3021	6		RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR
3050	6		GASKETS, PACKG & SEALG DEVICES & RUBBER & PLASTICS HOSE
3060	6		FABRICATED RUBBER PRODUCTS, NEC
3080	6		MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS
3081	6		UNSUPPORTED PLASTICS FILM & SHEET
3086	6		PLASTICS FOAM PRODUCTS
3089	6		PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC
3100	9		LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS
3140	9		FOOTWEAR, (NO RUBBER)
3211	6		FLAT GLASS
3220	6		GLASS & GLASSWARE, PRESSED OR BLOWN
3221	6		GLASS CONTAINERS
3231	6		GLASS PRODUCTS, MADE OF PURCHASED GLASS
3241	6		CEMENT, HYDRAULIC
3250	6		STRUCTURAL CLAY PRODUCTS
3260	6		POTTERY & RELATED PRODUCTS
3270	6		CONCRETE, GYPSUM & PLASTER PRODUCTS
3272	6		CONCRETE PRODUCTS, EXCEPT BLOCK & BRICK
3281	6		CUT STONE & STONE PRODUCTS
3290	6		ABRASIVE, ASBESTOS & MISC NONMETALLIC MINERAL PRODS
3310	6		STEEL WORKS, BLAST FURNACES & ROLLING & FINISHING MILLS
3312	6		STEEL WORKS, BLAST FURNACES & ROLLING MILLS (COKE OVENS)
3317	6		STEEL PIPE & TUBES
3320	6		IRON & STEEL FOUNDRIES
3330	9		PRIMARY SMELTING & REFINING OF NONFERROUS METALS
3334	9		PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM
3341	6		SECONDARY SMELTING & REFINING OF NONFERROUS METALS
3350	6		ROLLING DRAWING & EXTRUDING OF NONFERROUS METALS
3357	6		DRAWING & INSULATING OF NONFERROUS WIRE
3360	6		NONFERROUS FOUNDRIES (CASTINGS)
3390	6		MISCELLANEOUS PRIMARY METAL PRODUCTS
3411	6		METAL CANS
3412	6		METAL SHIPPING BARRELS, DRUMS, KEGS & PAILS
3420	6		CUTLERY, HANDTOOLS & GENERAL HARDWARE
3430	6		HEARING EQUIP, EXCEPT ELEC & WARM AIR; & PLUMBING FIXTURES
3433	6		HEATING EQUIPMENT, EXCEPT ELECTRIC & WARM AIR FURNACES
3440	6		FABRICATED STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS
3442	6		METAL DOORS, SASH, FRAMES, MOLDINGS & TRIM
3443	6		FABRICATED PLATE WORK (BOILER SHOPS)
3444	6		SHEET METAL WORK
3448	6		PREFABRICATED METAL BUILDINGS & COMPONENTS
3451	6		SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS
3452	6		BOLTS, NUTS, SCREWS, RIVETS & WASHERS
3460	6		METAL FORGINGS & STAMPINGS
3470	6		COATING, ENGRAVING & ALLIED SERVICES
3480	6		ORDNANCE & ACCESSORIES, (NO VEHICLES/GUIDED MISSILES)
3490	6		MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
3510	10		ENGINES & TURBINES
3523	10		FARM MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT
3524	10		LAWN & GARDEN TRACTORS & HOME LAWN & GARDENS EQUIP
3530	10		CONSTRUCTION, MINING & MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY & EQUIP
3531	10		CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY & EQUIP
3532	10		MINING MACHINERY & EQUIP (NO OIL & GAS FIELD MACH & EQUIP)
3533	4		OIL & GAS FIELD MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT
3537	10		INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS, TRACTORS, TRAILORS & STACKERS
3540	10		METALWORKG MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT
3541	10		MACHINE TOOLS, METAL CUTTING TYPES
3550	10		SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY (NO METALWORKING MACHINERY)
3555	10		PRINTING TRADES MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT
3559	10		SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY, NEC
3560	10		GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT
3561	10		PUMPS & PUMPING EQUIPMENT
3562	6		BALL & ROLLER BEARINGS
3564	6		INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL FANS & BLOWERS & AIR PURIFING EQUIP
3567	6		INDUSTRIAL PROCESS FURNACES & OVENS
3569	6		GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT, NEC
3570	3		COMPUTER & OFFICE EQUIPMENT
3571	3		ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS
3572	3		COMPUTER STORAGE DEVICES
3575	3		COMPUTER TERMINALS
3576	3		COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
3577	3		COMPUTER PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT, NEC
3578	3		CALCULATING & ACCOUNTING MACHINES (NO ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS)
3579	3		OFFICE MACHINES, NEC
3580	6		REFRIGERATION & SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINERY
3585	6		AIR-COND & WARM AIR HEATG EQUIP & COMM & INDL REFRIG EQUIP
3590	6		MISC INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT
3600	10		ELECTRONIC & OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT (NO COMPUTER EQUIP)
3612	10		POWER, DISTRIBUTION & SPECIALTY TRANSFORMERS
3613	10		SWITCHGEAR & SWITCHBOARD APPARATUS
3620	10		ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIAL APPARATUS
3621	10		MOTORS & GENERATORS
3630	11		HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
3634	11		ELECTRIC HOUSEWARES & FANS
3640	11		ELECTRIC LIGHTING & WIRING EQUIPMENT
3651	11		HOUSEHOLD AUDIO & VIDEO EQUIPMENT
3652	11		PHONOGRAPH RECORDS & PRERECORDED AUDIO TAPES & DISKS
3661	11		TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH APPARATUS
3663	11		RADIO & TV BROADCASTING & COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
3669	11		COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT, NEC
3670	10		ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & ACCESSORIES
3672	3		PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
3674	10		SEMICONDUCTORS & RELATED DEVICES
3677	10		ELECTRONIC COILS, TRANSFORMERS & OTHER INDUCTORS
3678	10		ELECTRONIC CONNECTORS
3679	10		ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS, NEC
3690	10		MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES
3695	11		MAGNETIC & OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIA
3711	5		MOTOR VEHICLES & PASSENGER CAR BODIES
3713	5		TRUCK & BUS BODIES
3714	5		MOTOR VEHICLE PARTS & ACCESSORIES
3715	5		TRUCK TRAILERS
3716	5		MOTOR HOMES
3720	5		AIRCRAFT & PARTS
3721	5		AIRCRAFT
3724	5		AIRCRAFT ENGINES & ENGINE PARTS
3728	5		AIRCRAFT PARTS & AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT, NEC
3730	5		SHIP & BOAT BUILDING & REPAIRING
3743	5		RAILROAD EQUIPMENT
3751	5		MOTORCYCLES, BICYCLES & PARTS
3760	5		GUIDED MISSILES & SPACE VEHICLES & PARTS
3790	5		MISCELLANEOUS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
3812	5		SEARCH, DETECTION, NAVAGATION, GUIDANCE, AERONAUTICAL SYS
3821	10		LABORATORY APPARATUS & FURNITURE
3822	10		AUTO CONTROLS FOR REGULATING RESIDENTIAL & COMML ENVIRONMENTS
3823	10		INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASUREMENT, DISPLAY, AND CONTROL
3824	10		TOTALIZING FLUID METERS & COUNTING DEVICES
3825	10		INSTRUMENTS FOR MEAS & TESTING OF ELECTRICITY & ELEC SIGNALS
3826	10		LABORATORY ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
3827	10		OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS & LENSES
3829	10		MEASURING & CONTROLLING DEVICES, NEC
3841	10		SURGICAL & MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS & APPARATUS
3842	10		ORTHOPEDIC, PROSTHETIC & SURGICAL APPLIANCES & SUPPLIES
3843	10		DENTAL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES
3844	10		X-RAY APPARATUS & TUBES & RELATED IRRADIATION APPARATUS
3845	10		ELECTROMEDICAL & ELECTROTHERAPEUTIC APPARATUS
3851	10		OPHTHALMIC GOODS
3861	10		PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES
3873	2		WATCHES, CLOCKS, CLOCKWORK OPERATED DEVICES/PARTS
3910	2		JEWELRY, SILVERWARE & PLATED WARE
3911	2		JEWELRY, PRECIOUS METAL
3931	5		MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
3942	5		DOLLS & STUFFED TOYS
3944	5		GAMES, TOYS & CHILDREN'S VEHICLES (NO DOLLS & BICYCLES)
3949	5		SPORTING & ATHLETIC GOODS, NEC
3950	9		PENS, PENCILS & OTHER ARTISTS' MATERIALS
3960	6		COSTUME JEWELRY & NOVELTIES
3990	6		MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
4011	5		RAILROADS, LINE-HAUL OPERATING
4013	5		RAILROAD SWITCHING & TERMINAL ESTABLISHMENTS
4100	5		LOCAL & SUBURBAN TRANSIT & INTERURBAN HWY PASSENGER TRANS
4210	5		TRUCKING & COURIER SERVICES (NO AIR)
4213	5		TRUCKING (NO LOCAL)
4220	5		PUBLIC WAREHOUSING & STORAGE
4231	5		TERMINAL MAINTENANCE FACILITIES FOR MOTOR FREIGHT TRANSPORT
4400	5		WATER TRANSPORTATION
4412	5		DEEP SEA FOREIGN TRANSPORTATION OF FREIGHT
4512	5		AIR TRANSPORTATION, SCHEDULED
4513	5		AIR COURIER SERVICES
4522	5		AIR TRANSPORTATION, NONSCHEDULED
4581	5		AIRPORTS, FLYING FIELDS & AIRPORT TERMINAL SERVICES
4610	4		PIPE LINES (NO NATURAL GAS)
4700	5		TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
4731	5		ARRANGEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF FREIGHT & CARGO
4812	11		RADIOTELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS
4813	11		TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIOTELEPHONE)
4822	11		TELEGRAPH & OTHER MESSAGE COMMUNICATIONS
4832	11		RADIO BROADCASTING STATIONS
4833	11		TELEVISION BROADCASTING STATIONS
4841	11		CABLE & OTHER PAY TELEVISION SERVICES
4899	11		COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES, NEC
4900	2		ELECTRIC, GAS & SANITARY SERVICES
4911	2		ELECTRIC SERVICES
4922	2		NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION
4923	2		NATURAL GAS TRANSMISISON & DISTRIBUTION
4924	2		NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION
4931	2		ELECTRIC & OTHER SERVICES COMBINED
4932	2		GAS & OTHER SERVICES COMBINED
4941	2		WATER SUPPLY
4950	6		SANITARY SERVICES
4953	6		REFUSE SYSTEMS
4955	6		HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
4961	2		STEAM & AIR-CONDITIONING SUPPLY
4991	2		COGENERATION SERVICES & SMALL POWER PRODUCERS
5000	2		WHOLESALE-DURABLE GOODS
5010	5		WHOLESALE-MOTOR VEHICLES & MOTOR VEHICLE PARTS & SUPPLIES
5013	5		WHOLESALE-MOTOR VEHICLE SUPPLIES & NEW PARTS
5020	2		WHOLESALE-FURNITURE & HOME FURNISHINGS
5030	6		WHOLESALE-LUMBER & OTHER CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
5031	6		WHOLESALE-LUMBER, PLYWOOD, MILLWORK & WOOD PANELS
5040	2		WHOLESALE-PROFESSIONAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES
5045	3		WHOLESALE-COMPUTERS & PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT & SOFTWARE
5047	9		WHOLESALE-MEDICAL, DENTAL & HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES
5050	5		WHOLESALE-METALS & MINERALS (NO PETROLEUM)
5051	5		WHOLESALE-METALS SERVICE CENTERS & OFFICES
5063	10		WHOLESALE-ELECTRICAL APPARATUS & EQUIPMENT, WIRING SUPPLIES
5064	10		WHOLESALE-ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES, TV & RADIO SETS
5065	10		WHOLESALE-ELECTRONIC PARTS & EQUIPMENT, NEC
5070	6		WHOLESALE-HARDWARE & PLUMBING & HEATING EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES
5072	6		WHOLESALE-HARDWARE
5080	6		WHOLESALE-MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES
5082	6		WHOLESALE-CONSTRUCTION & MINING (NO PETRO) MACHINERY & EQUIP
5084	6		WHOLESALE-INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT
5090	2		WHOLESALE-MISC DURABLE GOODS
5094	2		WHOLESALE-JEWELRY, WATCHES, PRECIOUS STONES & METALS
5099	2		WHOLESALE-DURABLE GOODS, NEC
5110	4		WHOLESALE-PAPER & PAPER PRODUCTS
5122	9		WHOLESALE-DRUGS, PROPRIETARIES & DRUGGISTS' SUNDRIES
5130	9		WHOLESALE-APPAREL, PIECE GOODS & NOTIONS
5140	2		WHOLESALE-GROCERIES & RELATED PRODUCTS
5141	2		WHOLESALE-GROCERIES, GENERAL LINE
5150	5		WHOLESALE-FARM PRODUCT RAW MATERIALS
5160	6		WHOLESALE-CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS
5171	4		WHOLESALE-PETROLEUM BULK STATIONS & TERMINALS
5172	4		WHOLESALE-PETROLEUM & PETROLEUM PRODUCTS (NO BULK STATIONS)
5180	9		WHOLESALE-BEER, WINE & DISTILLED ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
5190	2		WHOLESALE-MISCELLANEOUS NONDURABLE GOODS
5200	6		RETAIL-BUILDING MATERIALS, HARDWARE, GARDEN SUPPLY
5211	6		RETAIL-LUMBER & OTHER BUILDING MATERIALS DEALERS
5271	2		RETAIL-MOBILE HOME DEALERS
5311	2		RETAIL-DEPARTMENT STORES
5331	2		RETAIL-VARIETY STORES
5399	2		RETAIL-MISC GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
5400	2		RETAIL-FOOD STORES
5411	2		RETAIL-GROCERY STORES
5412	2		RETAIL-CONVENIENCE STORES
5500	2		RETAIL-AUTO DEALERS & GASOLINE STATIONS
5531	2		RETAIL-AUTO & HOME SUPPLY STORES
5600	9		RETAIL-APPAREL & ACCESSORY STORES
5621	9		RETAIL-WOMEN'S CLOTHING STORES
5651	9		RETAIL-FAMILY CLOTHING STORES
5661	9		RETAIL-SHOE STORES
5700	2		RETAIL-HOME FURNITURE, FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT STORES
5712	2		RETAIL-FURNITURE STORES
5731	2		RETAIL-RADIO, TV & CONSUMER ELECTRONICS STORES
5734	2		RETAIL-COMPUTER & COMPUTER SOFTWARE STORES
5735	2		RETAIL-RECORD & PRERECORDED TAPE STORES
5810	5		RETAIL-EATING & DRINKING PLACES
5812	5		RETAIL-EATING PLACES
5900	2		RETAIL-MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
5912	1		RETAIL-DRUG STORES AND PROPRIETARY STORES
5940	2		RETAIL-MISCELLANEOUS SHOPPING GOODS STORES
5944	2		RETAIL-JEWELRY STORES
5945	2		RETAIL-HOBBY, TOY & GAME SHOPS
5960	2		RETAIL-NONSTORE RETAILERS
5961	2		RETAIL-CATALOG & MAIL-ORDER HOUSES
5990	2		RETAIL-RETAIL STORES, NEC
6021	7		NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANKS
6022	7		STATE COMMERCIAL BANKS
6029	7 & 12		COMMERCIAL BANKS, NEC
6035	7		SAVINGS INSTITUTION, FEDERALLY CHARTERED
6036	7		SAVINGS INSTITUTIONS, NOT FEDERALLY CHARTERED
6099	7		FUNCTIONS RELATED TO DEPOSITORY BANKING, NEC
6111	12		FEDERAL & FEDERALLY-SPONSORED CREDIT AGENCIES
6141	7		PERSONAL CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
6153	7		SHORT-TERM BUSINESS CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
6159	7		MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS CREDIT INSTITUTION
6162	7		MORTGAGE BANKERS & LOAN CORRESPONDENTS
6163	7		LOAN BROKERS
6172	7		FINANCE LESSORS
6189	OSF		ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES
6199	7		FINANCE SERVICES
6200	8		SECURITY & COMMODITY BROKERS, DEALERS, EXCHANGES & SERVICES
6211	12		SECURITY BROKERS, DEALERS & FLOTATION COMPANIES
6221	8		COMMODITY CONTRACTS BROKERS & DEALERS
6282	6		INVESTMENT ADVICE
6311	1		LIFE INSURANCE
6321	1		ACCIDENT & HEALTH INSURANCE
6324	1		HOSPITAL & MEDICAL SERVICE PLANS
6331	1		FIRE, MARINE & CASUALTY INSURANCE
6351	1		SURETY INSURANCE
6361	1		TITLE INSURANCE
6399	1		INSURANCE CARRIERS, NEC
6411	1		INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS & SERVICE
6500	8		REAL ESTATE
6510	8		REAL ESTATE OPERATORS (NO DEVELOPERS) & LESSORS
6512	8		OPERATORS OF NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
6513	8		OPERATORS OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS
6519	8		LESSORS OF REAL PROPERTY, NEC
6531	8		REAL ESTATE AGENTS & MANAGERS (FOR OTHERS)
6532	8		REAL ESTATE DEALERS (FOR THEIR OWN ACCOUNT)
6552	8		LAND SUBDIVIDERS & DEVELOPERS (NO CEMETERIES)
6770	All		BLANK CHECKS
6792	4		OIL ROYALTY TRADERS
6794	3		PATENT OWNERS & LESSORS
6795	9		MINERAL ROYALTY TRADERS
6798	8		REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS
6799	8		INVESTORS, NEC
7000	8		HOTELS, ROOMING HOUSES, CAMPS & OTHER LODGING PLACES
7011	8		HOTELS & MOTELS
7200	11		SERVICES-PERSONAL SERVICES
7310	11		SERVICES-ADVERTISING
7311	11		SERVICES-ADVERTISING AGENCIES
7320	11		SERVICES-CONSUMER CREDIT REPORTING, COLLECTION AGENCIES
7330	11		SERVICES-MAILING, REPRODUCTION, COMMERCIAL ART & PHOTOGRAPHY
7331	11		SERVICES-DIRECT MAIL ADVERTISING SERVICES
7340	8		SERVICES-TO DWELLINGS & OTHER BUILDINGS
7350	6		SERVICES-MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT RENTAL & LEASING
7359	6		SERVICES-EQUIPMENT RENTAL & LEASING, NEC
7361	8		SERVICES-EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES
7363	11		SERVICES-HELP SUPPLY SERVICES
7370	3		SERVICES-COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, DATA PROCESSING, ETC.
7371	3		SERVICES-COMPUTER PROGRAMMING SERVICES
7372	3		SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE
7373	3		SERVICES-COMPUTER INTEGRATED SYSTEMS DESIGN
7374	3		SERVICES-COMPUTER PROCESSING & DATA PREPARATION
7377	3		SERVICES-COMPUTER RENTAL & LEASING
7380	11		SERVICES-MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS SERVICES
7381	11		SERVICES-DETECTIVE, GUARD & ARMORED CAR SERVICES
7384	11		SERVICES-PHOTOFINISHING LABORATORIES
7385	11		SERVICES-TELEPHONE INTERCONNECT SYSTEMS
7389	2 & 3		SERVICES-BUSINESS SERVICES, NEC
7500	5		SERVICES-AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR, SERVICES & PARKING
7510	5		SERVICES-AUTO RENTAL & LEASING (NO DRIVERS)
7600	11		SERVICES-MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
7812	5		SERVICES-MOTION PICTURE & VIDEO TAPE PRODUCTION
7819	5		SERVICES-ALLIED TO MOTION PICTURE PRODUCTION
7822	5		SERVICES-MOTION PICTURE & VIDEO TAPE DISTRIBUTION
7829	5		SERVICES-ALLIED TO MOTION PICTURE DISTRIBUTION
7830	5		SERVICES-MOTION PICTURE THEATERS
7841	5		SERVICES-VIDEO TAPE RENTAL
7900	5		SERVICES-AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES
7948	5		SERVICES-RACING, INCLUDING TRACK OPERATION
7990	5		SERVICES-MISCELLANEOUS AMUSEMENT & RECREATION
7997	5		SERVICES-MEMBERSHIP SPORTS & RECREATION CLUBS
8000	9		SERVICES-HEALTH SERVICES
8011	1		SERVICES-OFFICES & CLINICS OF DOCTORS OF MEDICINE
8050	11		SERVICES-NURSING & PERSONAL CARE FACILITIES
8051	11		SERVICES-SKILLED NURSING CARE FACILITIES
8060	1		SERVICES-HOSPITALS
8062	1		SERVICES-GENERAL MEDICAL & SURGICAL HOSPITALS, NEC
8071	9		SERVICES-MEDICAL LABORATORIES
8082	9		SERVICES-HOME HEALTH CARE SERVICES
8090	9		SERVICES-MISC HEALTH & ALLIED SERVICES, NEC
8093	1		SERVICES-SPECIALTY OUTPATIENT FACILITIES, NEC
8111	11		SERVICES-LEGAL SERVICES
8200	11		SERVICES-EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
8300	9		SERVICES-SOCIAL SERVICES
8351	9		SERVICES-CHILD DAY CARE SERVICES
8600	5		SERVICES-MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS
8700	6		SERVICES-ENGINEERING, ACCOUNTING, RESEARCH, MANAGEMENT
8711	6		SERVICES-ENGINEERING SERVICES
8731	1		SERVICES-COMMERCIAL PHYSICAL & BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
8734	9		SERVICES-TESTING LABORATORIES
8741	8		SERVICES-MANAGEMENT SERVICES
8742	8		SERVICES-MANAGEMENT CONSULTING SERVICES
8744	6		SERVICES-FACILITIES SUPPORT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
8880	99		AMERICAN DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS
8888	99		FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS
8900	11		SERVICES-SERVICES, NEC
9721	99		INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
9995	All		NON-OPERATING ESTABLISHMENTS